Fundamentals of ultrafast laser–material interaction
MRS Bulletin 41, 960 - 968 (2016)
Fundamentals of ultrafast laser–material interaction
Short pulse laser irradiation has the ability to bring a material into a state of strong electronic,thermal, phase, and mechanical nonequilibrium and trigger a sequence of structural transformations leading to the generation of complex multiscale surface morphologies, unusual metastable phases, and microstructures that cannot be produced by any other means. In this article, we provide an overview of recent advancements and existing challenges in the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of short pulse laser interaction with materials, including the material response to strong electronic excitation, ultrafast redistribution and partitioning of the deposited laser energy, the peculiarities of phase transformations occurring under conditions of strong superheating/undercooling, as well as laser-induced generation of crystal defects and modifi cation of surface microstructure.
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- M.V.S., C.W., and L.V.Z. acknowledge fi nancial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grants CMMI-1301298 and CMMI-1436775 and computational support provided by the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (INCITE Project MAT130) and NSF through the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (Project TGDMR110090). L.V.Z. and W.K. also acknowledge support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the Lise Meitner Programme (Project M 1984). N.B., D.S.I., and B.R. acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Projects RE 1141/14 and RE 1141/15). N.M.B. and T.J.-Y.D. acknowledge support of the state budget of the Czech Republic (Project L01602). T.J.-Y.D. also acknowledges funding from the European Commission for the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (Project 657424).